Intro To Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Si Units

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Chapter 1 Introduction By way of introduction in this chapter we outline the origin of thermodynamics and its present scope We also review a number of familiar but basic scientific concepts essential to the subject Dimensions and units of measure Force and pressure Temperature Work and heat Mechanical energy and its conservation 1 1 The SCoPe of ThermodynamICS The science of thermodynamics was developed in the 19th century as a result of the need to describe the basic operating principles of the newly invented steam engine and to provide a basis for relating the work produced to the heat supplied Thus the name itself denotes power generated from heat From the study of steam engines there emerged two of the primary generalizations of science the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics All of classical thermodynamics is implicit in these laws Their statements are very simple but their implications are profound The First Law simply says that energy is conserved meaning that it is neither created nor destroyed It provides no definition of energy that is both general and precise No help comes from its common informal use where the word has imprecise meanings However in scientific and engineering contexts energy is recognized as appearing in various forms useful because each form has mathematical definition as a function of some recognizable and measurable characteristics of the real world Thus kinetic energy is defined as a function of velocity and gravitational potential energy as a function of elevation Conservation implies the transformation of one form of energy into another Windmills have long operated to transform the kinetic energy of the wind into work that is used to raise 1Chapter 1 Introduction By way of introduction, in this chapter we outline the origin of thermodynamics and its present scope. We also review a number of familiar, but basic, scientific concepts essential to the subject: Dimensions and units of measure Force and pressure Temperature Work and heat Mechanical energy and its ...conservation 1.1 The SCoPe of ThermodynamICS The science of thermodynamics was developed in the 19th century as a result of the need to describe the basic operating principles of the newly invented steam engine and to provide a basis for relating the work produced to the heat supplied. Thus the name itself denotes power generated from heat. From the study of steam engines, there emerged two of the primary generalizations of science: the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. All of classical thermodynamics is implicit in these laws. Their statements are very simple, but their implications are profound. The First Law simply says that energy is conserved, meaning that it is neither created nor destroyed. It provides no definition of energy that is both general and precise. No help comes from its common informal use where the word has imprecise meanings. However, in scientific and engineering contexts, energy is recognized as appearing in various forms, useful because each form has mathematical definition as a function of some recognizable and measurable characteristics of the real world. Thus kinetic energy is defined as a function of velocity, and gravitational potential energy as a function of elevation. Conservation implies the transformation of one form of energy into another. Windmills have long operated to transform the kinetic energy of the wind into work that is used to raise 1

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